作者： JuanRodriguez  

 

　　BIM的风险

 

　　建筑信息模型（BIM）软件已经成为一个能够降低建设成本，加快项目建设进度的有力工具。如果团队成员之间制定了一份真正的工作计划，并进行了仔细检查和分享，BIM应用的风险是可以避免的。 利用BIM软件解构一个建设项目构成，可以很好的理解建设项目，也便于承包商和分包商的实施。如果使用得当，利用BIM可以减少施工时间，成本和索赔。但是，当BIM所带来的信息没有被仔细分享，并解释给所有参建单位，会发生什么呢？

 

　　BIM应用中的沟通

 

　　当实施BIM作为整个项目的一个部分工作时，在建设过程中一个重要问题是参与项目的每个人对模型访问和在模型基础上的协作。尽管建筑师可以使用BIM设计出伟大的建筑作品，降低成本和节约材料，但如果通过BIM创建的建筑物信息没有很好的传递到承包商那里，要实现建筑师的创意，必然会引起索赔和其他问题。

 

　　BIM模型的控制

 

　　一旦BIM模型已经建立并传递到项目成员，必须采取仔细的预控措施，以减少未授权方后续更改或变更模型的可能性。对大型建设项目而言，改变BIM模型是一个主要风险，其中一些顾问和承包商通过变更模型来获得自己的利益，但不是在整个项目团队分享这些变更。一个团队领导者必须被分配权限并是唯一授权的可以改变BIM模型的用户。

 

　　BIM的设计错误

 

　　如果建筑不符合最近或最新的建筑规范，谁应该承担的责任？是总承包商的责任？是建筑师未能遵守设计操守？因为在参与设计、修正、输入BIM模型的各方之间有一道细微的边界线。在某些情况下，由于对实际情况的曲解或者有缺陷的设计，总承包商提出索赔会诱发法律问题。这类错误带来原合同考虑范围外的额外法律费用，降低或减少由BIM过程中节约的费用。

 

　　BIM的建造成本

 

　　虽然在项目建设中实施BIM可以提供预期总建筑成本，但它可能不是真实的。 BIM可以让你估计最准确的建设完工成本，但它不考虑来自新兴市场实际价格的变化，如金属，石油衍生产品，高油价，以及其他影响生产厂家的自然灾害。

 

　BIM Control

 

　　once the BIM has been developed and distributed to theproject members, careful precautions must be taken to reduce the possibility ofsubsequentchanges or alterations by unauthorized parties. The risk of changing a BIMmodel has become a recent issue on large construction projects wher severalconsultants and contractors try to complete changes to get their own benefit,without sharing the ideas to the entire group. A team leader must be assignedand will be the only authorized user who can alter the BIM model.

 

　　BIM Design Errors

 

　　Who should hold liability if the building fails tocomply with the recent or latest construction codes? Is that the GC'Sresponsibility? Is the Architect's failure to comply held him liable? There isa thin line between responsibilities since each party has participated onplanning stages, revisions and input to the BIM model. In some instances legalissues could become triggered by claims presented by the GC, due tomisrepresentation or faulty  designs    These types of errors could representadditional legal fees that were not contemplated on the originalcontract , reducing or minimizing the savings generated by the BIM process.

 

　　BIM Construction Costs

 

　　While BIM implementation on construction projects mightpresent an idea on the total expected construction costs, it might not be real.BIM allows you to estimate the most accurate building cost-to-complete, it willnot consider actual price variation from emerging market, such as metals,petroleum-derivative products, highgas prices , and other naturaldisasters affecting manufacturer’s plant.

 

　　Reducing Errors with BIM

 

　　The following hints can be vital onreducing errors and risks presented while using BIM in your project:

 

　　BIM team leader must be a technology-wise individual

 

　　BIM group members must be able to communicate every single idea that they identify can be implemented

 

　　Assign responsibilities. Every team member must known their limitations and what their role is. BIM is a collaborative effort requiring clear assignment of the parties' roles, rights, and risks

 

　　Identify capable contractors that can build using BIM. Unfortunately, BIM is not made for everyone

 

　　Discuss with your insurance agent all related issues that can arise from malpractice issues and under-performing related issues

 

　　Use clear and specific contracts that can identify all possible hazards and their liabilities